Does vitamin D levels influence the incidence of peri-implantitis? A systematic review of current evidence.

To evaluate how vitamin D levels affect specifically the incidence of peri-implantitis rather than early implant failure. The comprehensive review of the literature resulted in 5 studies being included in qualitative synthesis. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was applied to assess study quality, revealing that most studies had moderate to high methodological quality. Significant heterogeneity across all included studies precluded the performance of a meta-analysis. The findings indicate that both hypovitaminosis and hypervitaminosis D influence peri-implant health. Elevated 25(OH)D levels have been linked with greater marginal bone loss (MBL) and reduced implant survival, whereas low levels of vitamin D have been linked to an increased risk of peri-implant disease. Retrospective studies further indicate that reduced vitamin D status is associated with greater MBL compared with normal levels, and that vitamin D supplementation may enhance implant success. While existing evidence designates that vitamin D status may influence implant survival and peri-implant health, methodological inconsistencies limit definitive conclusions. Further research with standardized vitamin D assessment protocols, larger sample sizes, and longitudinal study designs is needed to elucidate its role in peri-implant disease prevention and implant success.