Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: new aspects of novel urinary catheters.

Nosocomial urinary tract infection is the most common infection acquired both in hospitals and nursing homes and is usually associated with catheterisation. These catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) have been reported to increase mortality and have a considerable economic impact. To date, the sole effective preventative strategy is the use of a closed drainage system and removal of the catheter as soon as possible. The underlying cause of CAUTI is the formation of a pathogenic biofilm on the surface of the indwelling urinary catheter. Currently, researchers seek to alter the catheter surface in order to inhibit biofilm formation. Many substances are being studied for their potential as biofilm-disrupting catheter coatings. Among these substances, recently developed antibiotic-coated catheters may provide promise for the control of CAUTI. More basic research at the level of pathogenesis and catheter substance is needed to design novel strategies.