Beyond autonomic neuromodulation: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor against peripheral artery disease.

The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI)-based therapeutic strategies have been shown to have vasculoprotective properties in the animal model of hindlimb ischemia due to its activation of the endothelial cholinergic system. However, little is know about whether other cell types (myocytes, immunocytes) are involved in the AChEI-related therapeutic benefits in peripheral artery disease. Therefore, we review the multiple cell-targeted effects of AChEI on the animal model of hindlimb ischemia and explore its clinical application in angiomyogenesis.