Pulsed Doppler echocardiography: principles and applications.

A new recording and display system is described for use with pulsed Doppler blood flow velocity detectors in the diagnosis of valvular and septal defects. The principles of the pulsed Doppler device are described along with the methods used to analyze and display the Doppler shifted signal from flow jets resulting from various valve defects. An M-mode display is combined with blood flow display to provide a convenient record of the clinical procedure. Examples of aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis and regurgitation are presented along with signals from other valves.