Proteome evaluation of the biological activity of grape seed extract (GSE) on the intestine of rats.

Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in polyphenols and has garnered attention for its potential health benefits, particularly in the gastrointestinal system. This study explores the principal effects of consuming a low dose of GSE on the intestinal proteome. Using a rat model, we examined the ileum proteomes of rats supplemented with GSE compared with a control group without supplementation. Particularly, this study was conducted using the label-free sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) quantitative proteomics to describe ileum proteome changes derived from GSE flavanols consumption, characterizing its possible mechanisms of action. Our results highlight the substantial impact of GSE on the ileum proteome, suggesting potential mechanisms through which GSE exerts its effects. The observed protein regulation patterns indicate significant alterations in metabolic and immune regulatory pathways, highlighting the importance of considering individual variability and physiological context when evaluating the potential effects of GSE on gastrointestinal function.