Independent and interactive effects of viral species on early-life lower respiratory tract illness.
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Moore Camille M, Secor Elizabeth A, Fairbanks-Mahnke Ana, Everman Jamie L, Elhawary Jennifer R, Witonsky Jonathan I, Pruesse Elmar, Chang Chih-Hao, Contreras Maria G, Eng Celeste, Canales Keyshla, Rosado Tsunami, Hu Donglei, Huntsman Scott, Jackson Nathan D, Li Yingchun, Lopez Natalie, Valentin Annette Medina, Medina Vivian, Montanez-Lopez Chris Angely, Morin Andrew, Nieves Natalie A, Oh Sam S, Otero Richeliz Alfonso, Colon Raymarie, Rodriguez Leysha, Sajuthi Satria P, Salazar Sandra, Serrano Gonzalo, Morales Emily Vazquez, Vazquez Gabriela, Morales Nicole Vazquez, Williams Blake J M, Zhang Priscilla, Sheppard Dean, Santana José R Rodríguez, Seibold Max A
Аннотация
METHODS: Infants (n=2061) enrolled in the Puerto Rican Infant Metagenomic and Epidemiologic Study of Respiratory Outcomes were surveilled for respiratory illnesses until age 2 years (March 2020 to April 2024). Nasal swabs from 1363 illnesses (774 participants) were screened for 21 pathogens.
RESULTS: RSV infections occurred in 23% of sLRIs and increased odds of sLRI vs URI (OR=9.28; 95% CI, 5.43-15.85). Metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, and non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus also increased odds of sLRIs, while SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower risk of sLRIs. Rhinovirus (43%) and bocavirus (16.1%) were commonly detected, but were not associated with sLRI risk. Co-infection with multiple viral species was associated with 2.92-fold greater odds of sLRI (95% CI, 2.05-4.16) compared to single viral species infections. Rhinovirus-bocavirus was the most common co-infection, and interaction between these viruses was associated with increased odds of sLRI.
CONCLUSIONS: Diverse viral pathogens drive early-life sLRIs. Some (e.g. RSV and metapneumovirus) have an intrinsic propensity to cause sLRIs, while other viruses' lower airway pathogenicity depends on other factors, including co-infection.