The Relationship between Cytogenetic Abnormalities and Clinical Biological Characteristics in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma.

OBJECTIVE

The chromosomal abnormality (CA) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) suggests the involvement in disease initiation and progression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provides high-sensitivity detection of these aberrations. To elucidate the clinicopathological impact of CAs, we integrated bone marrow (BM) morphology, FISH, flow cytometry (FCM), and PET/CT to analyze their interrelationships in a cohort of 156 NDMM patients.

METHODS

BM morphology, FISH, FCM, and PET/CT were performed in 156 patients with NDMM. MM-related serum and urinary markers were collected.

RESULTS

Gain or amplification of 1q (gain/amp(1q)), del(13q), del(17p), and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) translocation were observed in 43.59%, 31.41%, 7.69%, and 25% of NDMM patients, respectively. 16 NDMM patients had extramedullary disease (EMD). The SUVmax median was 5.05 (3.93-7.4). Median BM plasma cell ratio and abnormal plasma cell ratio in NDMM patients were 22.25% and 6.475%, respectively. The above cell ratios were inversely correlated with IgA and IgM, positively correlated with creatinine, serum, and urinary β-2 microglobulin, and were proved lower in NDMM patients without CAs. In IgG type NDMM, M protein was significantly associated with the two ratios. Abnormal plasma cell ratio was lower in CD56 negative group and BM plasma cell ratio was lower in R-ISS I stage group.

CONCLUSIONS

The NDMM patients with CAs had higher BM plasma cell ratio, serum and urinary β-2 microglobulin, 24-hour urinary protein, and abnormal plasma cell ratio than the NDMM patients without CAs. The application of BM morphology, FISH, and FCM has significance for the prognosis of NDMM.