Intravenous Immunoglobulin G Modulates the Expression of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy Factors and Increases Serum IgM Levels: A Prospective, Single-Center Intervention Study.

Sepsis and sepsis-related multiple organ failure are major causes of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIgG) on different types of immunoglobulin and anti-coagulant factor types in sepsis patients. A single-center observational study of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock was conducted from August 2008 to March 2013. Patients were divided into the IVIgG (immunoglobulin G [IgG] <870 mg/dL; lower normal range) and non-IVIgG (IgG ≥870 mg/dL) groups. The IVIgG group received IVIgG for three days, and other standard medications. Serial measurements were taken of serum IgG, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (tPAI-1), and protein C. Patients in the IVIgG treatment group had significantly higher serum IgM level on Days 4 and 7 than on Day 1, but no significant changes in IgM levels were observed in patients in the non-IVIgG group. Patients in the IVIgG treatment had lower tPAI-1 levels on Days 4 and 7 than on Day 1 and increased protein C levels on Day 7 compared to those on Days 1 and 4. There were no significant differences in tPAI-1 levels or protein C levels in the non-IVIgG group, although a similar trend was observed. IVIgG administration increased patients' serum IgM and protein C levels and decreased their serum tPAI-1 levels. IVIgG has potential application for preventing sepsis-induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation.