Visceral leishmaniasis from Bal'a, Palestine, caused by Leishmania donovani s.1. identified through polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

A 5-year old female from Bal'a, Tulkarm area, Palestine, was admitted with an 8 month history of fever, excessive night sweating, abdominal distension and enlargement, weight loss and sever anorexia. She was investigated elsewhere without reaching specific diagnosis. On admission, the history and symptoms were compatible with visceral leishmaniasis and bone marrow aspirate was positive for Leishmania amastigotes. The serum titer, using IFAT, was 1:640 for L. infantum and 1:320 for L. major promastigotes. When bone marrow material was also subjected to PCR followed by RFLP enzyme analysis, three fragments of the PCR product of the parasite present were obtained: two fragments of 260 bp and one fragment of 80 bp, identical with the pattern obtained with L. donovani. The patient received sodium stibogluconate, 200 mg IM for 30 days. Six months after treatment, the spleen was 2 cm below the costal margin, the liver was not palpable and she gained 1 kg. This case alerts general practitioners, pediatricians and health authorities to the presence of visceral leishmaniasis in Palestine and to the possibility of the disease being encountered in Jordan.