Strategies for immune intervention in visceral leishmaniasis.

Therapeutic intervention remains a major tool for control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Studies in murine models of VL have demonstrated the efficacy of various cytokines, either alone or in conjunction with antimony chemotherapy. Here, some basic aspects of the models used to study VL are summarized and the recent data in this field are reviewed. Finally, alternative strategies to harnessing the protective potential of the host immune response, based on augmenting communication between antigen-presenting cells and T cells, are discussed.