MicroRNAs in control of cardiac hypertrophy.

MicroRNAs refer to a subfamily of small non-coding RNA species that are designed to influence gene expression in nearly all cell types studied to date. Studies from the past decade have demonstrated that microRNAs are atypically expressed in the cardiovascular system under specific pathological conditions. Gain- and loss-of-function studies using in vitro and in vivo models have revealed distinct roles for specific microRNAs in cardiovascular development, physiological functions, and cardiac pathological conditions. In this review, the current relevant findings on the role of microRNAs in cardiac hypertrophic growth are updated, the target genes of these microRNAs are summarized, and the future of microRNAs as potential therapeutic targets is discussed.