Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia accompanied by pleural effusion.

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia (AILD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by systemic lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, loss of body weight, fever, skin eruption, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia. Occasionally, pulmonary involvement, including pleural effusion, has also been observed. Two cases of AILD accompanied by pleural effusion are reported here. When thoracentesis was performed, an exudative effusion was obtained and there was an increase in soluble interleukin-2 receptor and immunoglobulin G, A, and M in the pleural fluid. Cytologically, atypical plasma cells, and T-cell predominant lymphocytes were also present. These findings are likely to be characteristic of pleural effusions associated with AILD and may prove to be a useful marker for diagnosis.