The Influence of Coffee on Reducing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a liver disease characterized by hepatic fat accumulation associated with various severities of inflammation and scarring. As studies explore specialized treatments, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective effect of coffee consumption. Consumption of coffee or its components, such as caffeine and/or chlorogenic acid (CA), can reduce markers of liver injury and induce a myriad of other health benefits. However, there is limited research on patients with both MASLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Current research suggests that patients with MASLD are at greater risk of developing T2D and future liver-related complications and vice versa. Given that both MASLD and T2D are global burdens, the present literature review analyzes current research to identify trends and determine if coffee can be a viable treatment for MASLD patients with T2D. Results indicate that coffee consumption may protect against MASLD in T2D patients who are overweight/obese through a declined rate of weight gain, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene, and insignificant changes to the gut microbiome. More longitudinal research on human subjects is needed to establish a causal relationship between coffee consumption and MASLD alleviation.