The role of iron homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism.

Iron plays a vital role in the metabolism of adipose tissue. On the one hand, iron is essential for differentiation, endocrine, energy supply and other physiological functions of adipocytes. Iron homeostasis affects the progression of many chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In adipose tissue, iron deficiency is associated with obesity, mainly due to inflammation. Nevertheless, excessive iron in adipose tissue leads to decreased insulin sensitivity owing to mitochondrial dysfunction and adipokine changes. On the other hand, iron has an effect on the thermogenesis of adipocytes. Iron deficiency affects the production of beige fat and the direction of the differentiation of brown fat. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the crosstalk between iron homeostasis and metabolism in adipose tissue.