Management of esophageal varices.

The important developments have been made in the field of the portal hypertension and the variceal bleeding. Baverno meeting was organized to make consensus in different terminologies about the portal hypertension. Blockers of beta receptors are still mainstay in primary prophilaxis of variceal bleeding and endoscopic variceal ligation is ultimative. Octreotide and terlipressin are as effective as sclerotherapy in initial hemostasis, in addition, octreotid was after and efficacious in prevention of rebleeding. Endoscopic variceal ligation is showed to be superior to endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal obliteration, especially sequential and simultaneous ligation. First line of treatment for gastric varices is cyanoacrilate glue. In assessment of variceal eradication and prediction of variceal recurrence endosonography plays important role.