Impact of Proximal Conjoint Tendon Injury on Return to Play in the BF-ST Complex: A Prospective MRI-Based Study.

Background/

Objectives

Proximal hamstring injuries involving the biceps femoris-semitendinosus (BF-ST) conjoint tendon (CT) often exhibit delayed healing, yet the prognostic significance of CT involvement and intratendinous injury morphology has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to determine whether full-layer CT injury, particularly bilateral involvement in Zone C, prolongs return-to-play (RTP) in competitive rugby athletes.

Methods

This prospective study evaluated 41 university rugby players with acute BF-ST complex injuries using clinical examination, ultrasonography, and MRI. Injuries were classified by Type (I: full-layer CT; II: BFLH-only; III: ST-only), Zone (A-E), and Grade (0-3). RTP was defined as unrestricted return to team training or match play. Group differences were analyzed using ANOVA or non-parametric tests with appropriate post hoc corrections.

Results

Type I injuries required significantly longer RTP (11.4 ± 4.8 weeks) than Type II (5.3 ± 2.4 weeks) and Type III (4.0 ± 1.7 weeks), confirming the strong impact of CT involvement on prognosis. In Zone C, bilateral full-layer CT involvement was associated with an approximately twofold longer RTP duration compared with unilateral BFLH-side injuries, indicating that intratendinous tissue disruption influences recovery. These findings highlight the importance of early MRI-based assessment to identify clinically relevant tendon involvement patterns.

Conclusions

Full-layer CT injuries, particularly bilateral intratendinous patterns in Zone C, markedly prolong RTP compared with isolated BFLH or ST injuries. An MRI-based classification incorporating injury type, zone, and extent of CT involvement provides clinically valuable prognostic information and may enhance RTP decision-making.