Surgical management of orbital tumors.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intraorbital tumors present unique surgical challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures. This review examines current surgical approaches, emerging techniques, and outcomes in the management of these complex lesions.

RECENT FINDINGS: Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have expanded treatment options, particularly for medially and inferiorly located tumors. Classification systems such as CHEER and ORBIT now guide surgical planning based on anatomic location. Integration of image guidance, three-dimensional modeling, radiomics, and early reports of robotic assistance are promising adjuncts improving preoperative assessment and surgical precision.

SUMMARY: Surgical management of intraorbital tumors has evolved significantly, with both traditional and endoscopic approaches achieving high rates of tumor control and functional preservation. A multidisciplinary approach, individualized surgical planning, and careful patient selection are essential for optimal outcomes.