Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2026
Associations of almond, dark chocolate, and cocoa consumption with stool microbial diversity and composition among adults with overweight or obesity: An analysis of secondary outcomes from a 4-period crossover clinical trial.
СтатьяРандомизированное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Riley Terrence M, Nagpal Ravinder, Dawson M Alan, Hughes David, Lee Yujin, Kris-Etherton Penny M, Berryman Claire E
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Almonds (rich in unsaturated fats, fiber, and phytosterols) and dark chocolate and cocoa (containing flavanols) can improve cardiometabolic risk markers, but their individual and combined effects on gut microbial composition are not well understood. This study examined the effects of consuming almonds, dark chocolate and cocoa, or their combination on the stool microbiota.
METHODS: An analysis of secondary outcomes was conducted using stool samples from a published 4-period (4-weeks/period) controlled-feeding crossover trial in adults with overweight or obesity. Forty eight participants were randomized, 31 completed the trial, and 21 provided stool samples (samples = 87, 10F/11M; age 44.3 ± 9.2 years; BMI 29.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Participants consumed an average American diet (AAD) or a similar diet containing the following test foods: 42.5 g of raw almonds (ALD, 253 kcal/d), 43 g of dark chocolate and 18 g of cocoa (CHOC, 251 kcal/d), or both (CHOC + ALD, 504 kcal/d). Test foods replaced an isocaloric amount of butter, cheese, and crackers in the AAD. Microbial community richness and evenness was assessed by the number of observed taxa, Chao1 index, and Pielou's evenness. Community dissimilarity was determined by Bray-Curtis index and tested with permutational analysis of variance. Differential bacterial abundance was tested with linear mixed models after centered log(2) ratio transformation.
RESULTS: Dissimilar stool microbial communities were observed with ALD compared to pre-study (p = 0.021), AAD (p = 0.036), and CHOC (p = 0.025). Abundance of Streptococcaceae Lactococcus was lower after CHOC (log-fold difference: -3.7 [95% CI: -6.69, -0.71]), ALD (-4.22 [-7.33, -1.11]), and CHOC + ALD (-5.03 [-7.98, -2.08]) compared to AAD. Abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae Bilophila was higher after CHOC vs. AAD (2.41 [0.75, 4.07]) and CHOC vs. CHOC + ALD (1.72 [0.14, 3.29]). No other differences in stool microbial community diversity or composition were observed.
CONCLUSION: Replacing butter, cheese, and crackers with almonds and/or dark chocolate and cocoa has modest effects on between sample stool microbial community diversity and composition among adults with overweight or obesity.
METHODS: An analysis of secondary outcomes was conducted using stool samples from a published 4-period (4-weeks/period) controlled-feeding crossover trial in adults with overweight or obesity. Forty eight participants were randomized, 31 completed the trial, and 21 provided stool samples (samples = 87, 10F/11M; age 44.3 ± 9.2 years; BMI 29.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Participants consumed an average American diet (AAD) or a similar diet containing the following test foods: 42.5 g of raw almonds (ALD, 253 kcal/d), 43 g of dark chocolate and 18 g of cocoa (CHOC, 251 kcal/d), or both (CHOC + ALD, 504 kcal/d). Test foods replaced an isocaloric amount of butter, cheese, and crackers in the AAD. Microbial community richness and evenness was assessed by the number of observed taxa, Chao1 index, and Pielou's evenness. Community dissimilarity was determined by Bray-Curtis index and tested with permutational analysis of variance. Differential bacterial abundance was tested with linear mixed models after centered log(2) ratio transformation.
RESULTS: Dissimilar stool microbial communities were observed with ALD compared to pre-study (p = 0.021), AAD (p = 0.036), and CHOC (p = 0.025). Abundance of Streptococcaceae Lactococcus was lower after CHOC (log-fold difference: -3.7 [95% CI: -6.69, -0.71]), ALD (-4.22 [-7.33, -1.11]), and CHOC + ALD (-5.03 [-7.98, -2.08]) compared to AAD. Abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae Bilophila was higher after CHOC vs. AAD (2.41 [0.75, 4.07]) and CHOC vs. CHOC + ALD (1.72 [0.14, 3.29]). No other differences in stool microbial community diversity or composition were observed.
CONCLUSION: Replacing butter, cheese, and crackers with almonds and/or dark chocolate and cocoa has modest effects on between sample stool microbial community diversity and composition among adults with overweight or obesity.