Present and Future of Non-palpable Pulmonary Lesion Localization Techniques.

This article reviews current and emerging techniques for localizing non-palpable pulmonary lesions, increasingly detected through advanced screening in early-stage lung cancer. Given the challenges of identifying small or sub-centimetric lesions during surgery, innovative methods-such as intraoperative imaging, radioguided marking, dye-based localization, and artificial intelligence-guided systems-are showing promise in enhancing surgical precision and improving patient outcomes. This review explores future directions aimed at refining these techniques for broader clinical application, emphasizing the importance of improved localization strategies in achieving complete resections, and enhancing long-term prognosis in lung cancer treatment.