Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
Abdominal simultaneous 3D water T1 and T2 mapping using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering.
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Stelter Jonathan, Weiss Kilian, Steinhelfer Lisa, Meineke Jakob, Zhang Weitong, Kainz Bernhard, Braren Rickmer F, Karampinos Dimitrios C
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To develop a method for abdominal simultaneous 3D water T 1 $$ {T}_1 $$ ( w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ ) and T 2 $$ {T}_2 $$ ( w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ ) mapping with isotropic resolution using a free-breathing Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile ordering (CASPR) at 3 T.
METHODS: The proposed data acquisition combines a Look-Locker scheme with the modified BIR-4 adiabatic preparation pulse for simultaneous w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ mapping. CASPR is employed for efficient and flexible k-space sampling at isotropic resolution during free breathing. The imaging pipeline includes subspace reconstruction, water-fat separation, and B 0 $$ {B}_0 $$ -specific dictionary matching. The proposed method was validated in a water-fat relaxometry phantom using spin echo-based reference techniques and was compared with MOLLI T 1 $$ {T}_1 $$ and GRASE T 2 $$ {T}_2 $$ mapping in 10 volunteers. The method's flexibility was assessed at isotropic resolutions of 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mm, with corresponding scan times of 7:19, 5:23, and 3:52 min. Additionally, the method was applied to 9 oncological patients with abdominal pathologies.
RESULTS: Phantom experiments demonstrated good agreement between the proposed method and spin echo-based reference techniques across a wide range of w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ values. The volunteer study assessed in vivo quantification performance and demonstrated the flexibility of the proposed method at different spatial resolutions. The 3 mm method was successively performed in patients with abdominal pathologies, whereby lesions with diameters below 1 cm could be assessed.
CONCLUSION: The proposed Look-Locker-based method using CASPR enables efficient, flexible, and simultaneous w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ mapping at isotropic resolution in a fixed scan time during free breathing.
METHODS: The proposed data acquisition combines a Look-Locker scheme with the modified BIR-4 adiabatic preparation pulse for simultaneous w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ mapping. CASPR is employed for efficient and flexible k-space sampling at isotropic resolution during free breathing. The imaging pipeline includes subspace reconstruction, water-fat separation, and B 0 $$ {B}_0 $$ -specific dictionary matching. The proposed method was validated in a water-fat relaxometry phantom using spin echo-based reference techniques and was compared with MOLLI T 1 $$ {T}_1 $$ and GRASE T 2 $$ {T}_2 $$ mapping in 10 volunteers. The method's flexibility was assessed at isotropic resolutions of 2.5, 3, and 3.5 mm, with corresponding scan times of 7:19, 5:23, and 3:52 min. Additionally, the method was applied to 9 oncological patients with abdominal pathologies.
RESULTS: Phantom experiments demonstrated good agreement between the proposed method and spin echo-based reference techniques across a wide range of w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ values. The volunteer study assessed in vivo quantification performance and demonstrated the flexibility of the proposed method at different spatial resolutions. The 3 mm method was successively performed in patients with abdominal pathologies, whereby lesions with diameters below 1 cm could be assessed.
CONCLUSION: The proposed Look-Locker-based method using CASPR enables efficient, flexible, and simultaneous w T 1 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_1 $$ and w T 2 $$ \mathrm{w}{T}_2 $$ mapping at isotropic resolution in a fixed scan time during free breathing.