Mesenteric Cysts as Rare Causes of Acute Abdominal Masses: Diagnostic Challenges and Surgical Insights from a Literature Review.

Background/Objectives: Abdominal tumors can trigger acute, life-threatening complications, needing urgent care. Though often slow-growing, they may present suddenly with obstruction, bleeding, or organ compression. This article explores diagnostic challenges in such emergencies and presents a rare case of a giant mesenteric cyst. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted to review abdominal tumors in emergencies, focusing on mesenteric cysts. Results: A 37-year-old woman with no significant history presented with two weeks of diffuse abdominal pain and distension. Labs showed mild inflammation and low malignancy risk. Imaging revealed a large cystic mass compressing abdominal organs. Surgery found a 35 × 15 cm cyst from the mesenteric root extending into the pelvis and behind the stomach. Conclusions: Mesenteric cysts are rare with vague symptoms, needing high suspicion for diagnosis. Imaging helps, but large cysts often require surgery. Complete removal prevents recurrence, and bowel resection may be needed if vital structures are involved. Careful planning, teamwork, and follow-up ensure success.