[Sleep apnea syndrome, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular risks].

Excessive daytime somnolence is the main symptom of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Repetitive upper airway obstructions during sleep are followed by arousals and consequent sleep fragmentation. Furthermore, obstructive apneas or hypopneas and arousals are accompanied by fluctuations of blood pressure and heart rate. Several recent studies have found OSAS to be an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.