Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2013
Aspirin reduces lung cancer metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
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Ogawa Fumihiro, Amano Hideki, Ito Yoshiya, Matsui Yoshio, Hosono Kanako, Kitasato Hidero, Satoh Yukitoshi, Majima Masataka
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The high mortality is probably attributable to early metastasis; however, the mechanism underlying metastasis to regional lymph nodes is still unknown. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces tumor growth and metastasis and is associated with a poor prognosis. The present study investigated the effect of an authentic COX inhibitor, aspirin, on regional lymph node metastasis during the development of lung cancer in mice.
METHODS: An orthotopic intrapulmonary implantation model based on male C57BL/6 (6-8-weeks-old) mice was used. The lungs were injected with a solution containing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells overexpressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and BD Matrigel(®). The effect of aspirin on mediastinal lymph node metastasis of LCC cells from the primary injection sites was then examined.
RESULTS: The implantation process took approximately 30 s per mouse and operative mortality was 10%. Single pulmonary nodules developed at the implanted site in 95% of animals, and regional mediastinal lymph node metastasis was observed at 14 days post-LLC-GFP cell injection in all mice that formed a primary lung tumor. The mean survival time of mice injected with LLC-GFP cells was 15±3 days (range, 12-22 days). Histopathological analysis revealed that no metastatic tumors developed in the regional mediastinal lymph nodes by Day 10-12 post-LLC-GFP cell injection and no metastasis to distant organs or distant lymph nodes was observed by Day 21 post-injection. Oral administration of aspirin (100 mg/kg, twice a day) after LLC-GFP cell injection inhibited metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, with no significant suppression of primary tumor growth in the lungs. Aspirin treatment led to a significant reduction in mortality (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The present lymph node metastasis model is useful for evaluating the efficacy of agents that inhibit tumor metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Aspirin reduced the metastasis of LLC-GFP cells injection to the regional lymph nodes, with a significant reduction in mortality. These findings suggested that COX inhibitors have potential for preventing lymph node metastasis.
METHODS: An orthotopic intrapulmonary implantation model based on male C57BL/6 (6-8-weeks-old) mice was used. The lungs were injected with a solution containing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells overexpressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and BD Matrigel(®). The effect of aspirin on mediastinal lymph node metastasis of LCC cells from the primary injection sites was then examined.
RESULTS: The implantation process took approximately 30 s per mouse and operative mortality was 10%. Single pulmonary nodules developed at the implanted site in 95% of animals, and regional mediastinal lymph node metastasis was observed at 14 days post-LLC-GFP cell injection in all mice that formed a primary lung tumor. The mean survival time of mice injected with LLC-GFP cells was 15±3 days (range, 12-22 days). Histopathological analysis revealed that no metastatic tumors developed in the regional mediastinal lymph nodes by Day 10-12 post-LLC-GFP cell injection and no metastasis to distant organs or distant lymph nodes was observed by Day 21 post-injection. Oral administration of aspirin (100 mg/kg, twice a day) after LLC-GFP cell injection inhibited metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, with no significant suppression of primary tumor growth in the lungs. Aspirin treatment led to a significant reduction in mortality (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: The present lymph node metastasis model is useful for evaluating the efficacy of agents that inhibit tumor metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Aspirin reduced the metastasis of LLC-GFP cells injection to the regional lymph nodes, with a significant reduction in mortality. These findings suggested that COX inhibitors have potential for preventing lymph node metastasis.