Iranian journal of pathology · 2025
Differential Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Study of Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Protein Levels.
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Gaber Hawraa Fadhel, Mohsin Muslim Idan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the complex interplay between insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the expression of key inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants categorized into four groups: IR only (n=30), T2DM without IR (DM-IR, n=20), T2DM with IR (DM+IR, n=20), and healthy controls (HC, n=30). mRNA levels of the cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified using qRT-PCR, and serum protein levels were assessed via ELISA.
RESULTS: Significant upregulation of IL-6 mRNA in PBMCs was observed in the DM+IR and DM-IR groups compared to controls and the IR only group, while serum IL-6 protein was paradoxically lower in DM+IR compared to DM-IR. Both IL-10 mRNA and serum protein levels were elevated in the DM-IR group, suggesting a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, but were downregulated in the DM+IR group. IL-1β showed a similar pattern, with increased mRNA and serum protein in DM-IR and decreased serum protein in DM+IR.
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles associated with IR and T2DM, highlighting discrepancies between mRNA and protein levels that suggest complex post-transcriptional and translational regulation. These results emphasize the necessity for careful interpretation of cytokine expression in the context of metabolic disorders.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 100 participants categorized into four groups: IR only (n=30), T2DM without IR (DM-IR, n=20), T2DM with IR (DM+IR, n=20), and healthy controls (HC, n=30). mRNA levels of the cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified using qRT-PCR, and serum protein levels were assessed via ELISA.
RESULTS: Significant upregulation of IL-6 mRNA in PBMCs was observed in the DM+IR and DM-IR groups compared to controls and the IR only group, while serum IL-6 protein was paradoxically lower in DM+IR compared to DM-IR. Both IL-10 mRNA and serum protein levels were elevated in the DM-IR group, suggesting a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, but were downregulated in the DM+IR group. IL-1β showed a similar pattern, with increased mRNA and serum protein in DM-IR and decreased serum protein in DM+IR.
CONCLUSION: The findings reveal distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles associated with IR and T2DM, highlighting discrepancies between mRNA and protein levels that suggest complex post-transcriptional and translational regulation. These results emphasize the necessity for careful interpretation of cytokine expression in the context of metabolic disorders.