Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia in Diabetes: Burden and Challenges.

Atherogenic dyslipidemia is a lipid disorder characterized by high triglyceride (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein) levels, reduced HDL-C levels, and an abundance of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles. This condition is frequently associated with diseases or states that involve insulin resistance and inflammation, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Atherogenic dyslipidemia/lipoprotein is linked to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. The presence of numerous sdLDL particles and remnant lipoproteins are critical in the development and buildup of plaque in atherosclerosis. Elevated triglyceride levels can also promote inflammation and thrombosis within the arterial walls. In addition to lifestyle modifications, cholesterol-lowering drugs-whether used alone or in combination-are often prescribed for the prevention or management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and PCSK9 inhibitors.