The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee.
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Deer Timothy R, Mekhail Nagy, Provenzano David, Pope Jason, Krames Elliot, Leong Michael, Levy Robert M, Abejon David, Buchser Eric, Burton Allen, Buvanendran Asokumar, Candido Kenneth, Caraway David, Cousins Michael, DeJongste Michael, Diwan Sudhir, Eldabe Sam, Gatzinsky Kliment, Foreman Robert D, Hayek Salim, Kim Philip, Kinfe Thomas, Kloth David, Kumar Krishna, Rizvi Syed, Lad Shivanand P, Liem Liong, Linderoth Bengt, Mackey Sean, McDowell Gladstone, McRoberts Porter, Poree Lawrence, Prager Joshua, Raso Lou, Rauck Richard, Russo Marc, Simpson Brian, Slavin Konstantin, Staats Peter, Stanton-Hicks Michael, Verrills Paul, Wellington Joshua, Williams Kayode, North Richard, Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee
Аннотация
METHODS: The NACC used literature reviews, expert opinion, clinical experience, and individual research. Authors consulted the Practice Parameters for the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2006), systematic reviews (1984 to 2013), and prospective and randomized controlled trials (2005 to 2013) identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: Neurostimulation is relatively safe because of its minimally invasive and reversible characteristics. Comparison with medical management is difficult, as patients considered for neurostimulation have failed conservative management. Unlike alternative therapies, neurostimulation is not associated with medication-related side effects and has enduring effect. Device-related complications are not uncommon; however, the incidence is becoming less frequent as technology progresses and surgical skills improve. Randomized controlled studies support the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in treating failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome. Similar studies of neurostimulation for peripheral neuropathic pain, postamputation pain, postherpetic neuralgia, and other causes of nerve injury are needed. International guidelines recommend spinal cord stimulation to treat refractory angina; other indications, such as congestive heart failure, are being investigated.
CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate neurostimulation is safe and effective in some chronic pain conditions. Technological refinements and clinical evidence will continue to expand its use. The NACC seeks to facilitate the efficacy and safety of neurostimulation.