Eosinophilic gastritis: burden of disease, diagnostic challenges and unmet needs.

Eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) is a rare, chronic disease characterised by pathological eosinophilia of the stomach and gastrointestinal symptoms. Evidence suggests that pathophysiology is triggered by food antigens and driven by type 2 immune dysregulation, with upregulation of interleukins 4 and 13. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, endoscopic evaluation and abnormal gastric biopsies demonstrating dense eosinophilic infiltration, after exclusion of other potential causes of eosinophilia. There are currently no approved treatments for EoG, and existing therapeutic options-including dietary elimination and off-label systemic or topical corticosteroids-have suboptimal outcomes or are not appropriate for long-term use. Ongoing clinical studies of biologics in the field have the potential to impact clinical care.