[Diagnosis and treatment strategies for end-stage liver disease combined with infection].

Patients with end-stage liver disease are more likely to be infected due to the changes in the liver's internal environment, low immune defense capabilities and reduced gut barrier function. Common infections include pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, biliary and urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and spontaneous bacteremia, which in severe cases can lead to sepsis and septic shock. Importantly, infections can aggravate and progress to the liver and damage correlated organs, and thus can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, early detection and diagnosis, as well as the use of effective antibacterial agents, and supportive treatment are keys to saving patients' lives.