Tropical medicine and health · 2026
Molecular evidence of a high prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in an endemic community in Sakon Nakhon Province, northeastern Thailand.
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Sodamuk Phaichayon, Patthaisong Weerawat, Hassan Noor Wanie, Sangaran Kumuthamalar, Chuangchaiya Sriwipa, Idris Zulkarnain Md
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a major public health concern in Thailand. Despite decades of surveillance and control efforts, accurately estimating the true prevalence of O. viverrini remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of O. viverrini infection in an endemic community in northeastern Thailand using a combination of microscopic and molecular diagnostic methods.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2025 in Kusuman District, Sakon Nakhon Province. Demographic and behavioral data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Stool samples were obtained from participants and examined using simple wet smear and modified Kato-Katz techniques to detect O. viverrini eggs and other intestinal parasites. In parallel, DNA was extracted from stool samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene was performed to confirm the presence of O. viverrini. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with infection.
RESULTS: Among 246 participants, stool microscopy detected intestinal helminth infections in 10.2%, with O. viverrini being the most prevalent species (6.1%). Notably, all microscopy-positive O. viverrini cases were very light-intensity infections (< 500 eggs per gram [EPG] of stool). ITS2-specific PCR identified a higher prevalence of O. viverrini infection at 19.9%, detecting significantly more than three times as many cases as microscopy (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis further showed that being male was associated with higher odds of O. viverrini infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.55; 95% CI 2.41-12.83; P < 0.001), whereas participants aged 41-60 years had significantly lower odds compared to older individuals (aOR 0.08; 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that O. viverrini infection remains highly prevalent in rural communities of northeast Thailand. Molecular diagnosis was more sensitive than conventional microscopy and key demographic risk factors were identified. These findings underscore the need for active surveillance and provide valuable data to guide and strengthen future prevention and control strategies for O. viverrini and other helminth infections in the region.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2025 in Kusuman District, Sakon Nakhon Province. Demographic and behavioral data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Stool samples were obtained from participants and examined using simple wet smear and modified Kato-Katz techniques to detect O. viverrini eggs and other intestinal parasites. In parallel, DNA was extracted from stool samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene was performed to confirm the presence of O. viverrini. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with infection.
RESULTS: Among 246 participants, stool microscopy detected intestinal helminth infections in 10.2%, with O. viverrini being the most prevalent species (6.1%). Notably, all microscopy-positive O. viverrini cases were very light-intensity infections (< 500 eggs per gram [EPG] of stool). ITS2-specific PCR identified a higher prevalence of O. viverrini infection at 19.9%, detecting significantly more than three times as many cases as microscopy (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis further showed that being male was associated with higher odds of O. viverrini infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.55; 95% CI 2.41-12.83; P < 0.001), whereas participants aged 41-60 years had significantly lower odds compared to older individuals (aOR 0.08; 95% CI 0.03-0.19; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that O. viverrini infection remains highly prevalent in rural communities of northeast Thailand. Molecular diagnosis was more sensitive than conventional microscopy and key demographic risk factors were identified. These findings underscore the need for active surveillance and provide valuable data to guide and strengthen future prevention and control strategies for O. viverrini and other helminth infections in the region.