Clinical aspects of neuroendocrinology.

Recent studies have identified structures of most of the hypothalamic hormones and clarified their actions. In addition, the importance of a variety of classical and peptide neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and other hypothalamic functions has been partly elucidated. These advances in the physiological aspects of the hypothalamus have greatly helped our understanding of the pathogenesis of a variety of hypothalamic syndromes.