A Cross sectional Study to Assess the Prevalence of Periodontitis and its Association with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Pre and Postmenopausal Women.

INTRODUCTION

Midlife changes in the oral cavity of humans can involve both natural aging processes and hormonal fluctuations, especially in women. Common oral changes include increased dental caries, dry mouth, periodontitis, burning mouth syndrome, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). This study was designed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and its association with TMDs among pre- and postmenopausal women.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 women (50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal). Demographic details and TMD symptoms were recorded using a structured proforma. Periodontal health was assessed using a mouth mirror and periodontal probe, and staging was determined according to standard case definitions. TMDs evaluation followed the diagnostic criteria for TMDs. Statistical analysis was conducted, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

Periodontitis was present in 65% of participants, with significantly higher prevalence in postmenopausal women (84%) compared to premenopausal women (46%). The signs and symptoms of TMDs were observed in 68% of women. Among women with periodontitis, 86% suffered from TMDs. Clicking sounds, masseter and lateral pterygoid tenderness, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain were significantly more common in postmenopausal women (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated a significant association between menopause, periodontitis, and TMDs, with postmenopausal women showing a greater prevalence of both conditions. These findings suggest that hormonal changes and aging may influence TMJ function. Routine TMD screening in women with periodontitis, especially during menopause, is recommended for early management and improved quality of life.