Clostridium difficile brain empyema after prolonged intestinal carriage.

Clostridium difficile, the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is occasionally isolated from extraintestinal sites and is usually found as part of a polymicrobial flora. We report a case of brain empyema that occurred after the recurrent intestinal carriage of a nontoxigenic strain of C. difficile. Brain abscess cultures contained both toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that nontoxigenic isolates from the intestine and from the brain were identical.