Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2026
Hepatitis A outbreak associated with food consumption and sexual practices: a case-control study, Curitiba, Paraná, 2024.
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Silva Janilza Silveira, Carvalho Renata Barbosa Vilaça Marques de, Oliveira Alcides Souto de, Rosso Liza Regina Bueno, Santos Diego Spinoza Dos, Silva Leia Regina, Palm Cláudia Weingaertner, Ribeiro Clea Elisa, Negrello Katiuska Ferraz Jansen, Venâncio Dirlene Pacheco, Boese Monique, Carneiro Aroldo José Borges, Telles Tatiane Bartneck, Almeida Silvio Luis Rodrigues
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with hepatitis A infection in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
METHODS: This is a case-control study with individuals aged ≥16 years, living in Curitiba, Paraná, selected from the municipal laboratory base. We defined as cases individuals with reactive serology for hepatitis A and as controls those with non-reactive serology, from November 1st, 2023 to May 29th, 2024. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed followed by hierarchical logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
RESULTS: A total of 242 individuals participated (121 cases and 121 controls). The cases had a higher proportion of males (64.5% vs. 52.5%), Whites (78.5% vs. 63.8%), and men who have sex with men (MSM) (25.6% vs. 12.4%) when compared to controls. In the adjusted multivariate model, hepatitis A infection maintained a significant association with raw fish consumption (aOR 2.54; 95%CI 1.39; 4,64; p-value 0.002) and with MSM (aOR 2.38; 95%CI 1.10; 4,85; p-value 0.027). Not eating out had a protective effect (aOR 0.22; 95%CI 0.08; 0,62; p-value 0.004).
CONCLUSION: In the context of the investigated outbreak, hepatitis A infection was associated with the consumption of raw fish and identification as MSM, while not eating out was a protective factor. These findings indicate the relevance of prevention measures related to both food security and specific population groups, especially in scenarios of urban outbreaks.
METHODS: This is a case-control study with individuals aged ≥16 years, living in Curitiba, Paraná, selected from the municipal laboratory base. We defined as cases individuals with reactive serology for hepatitis A and as controls those with non-reactive serology, from November 1st, 2023 to May 29th, 2024. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed followed by hierarchical logistic regression to estimate odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
RESULTS: A total of 242 individuals participated (121 cases and 121 controls). The cases had a higher proportion of males (64.5% vs. 52.5%), Whites (78.5% vs. 63.8%), and men who have sex with men (MSM) (25.6% vs. 12.4%) when compared to controls. In the adjusted multivariate model, hepatitis A infection maintained a significant association with raw fish consumption (aOR 2.54; 95%CI 1.39; 4,64; p-value 0.002) and with MSM (aOR 2.38; 95%CI 1.10; 4,85; p-value 0.027). Not eating out had a protective effect (aOR 0.22; 95%CI 0.08; 0,62; p-value 0.004).
CONCLUSION: In the context of the investigated outbreak, hepatitis A infection was associated with the consumption of raw fish and identification as MSM, while not eating out was a protective factor. These findings indicate the relevance of prevention measures related to both food security and specific population groups, especially in scenarios of urban outbreaks.