Modulation of Intestinal Flora: a Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach for Enhancing Thyroid Cancer Treatment.

Over the past 3 years, there has been a growing interest in clinical research regarding the potential involvement of intestinal flora in thyroid cancer (TC). This review delves into the intricate connection between intestinal flora and TC, focusing on the particular intestinal flora that is directly linked to the disease and identifying which may be able to predict potential microbial markers of TC. In order to shed light on the inflammatory pathways connected to the onset of TC, we investigated the impact of intestinal flora on immune modulation and the connection between chronic inflammation when investigating the role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of TC. Furthermore, the potential role of intestinal flora metabolites in the regulation of thyroid function was clarified by exploring the effects of short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide on thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. Based on these findings, we further explore the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, vitamins, and trace elements.