[Low ejection fraction as risk factor after aortic valve replacement].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study is to estimate the operative risk of aortic valve replacement for severe aortic valve stenosis in patients with distinctly impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction below 40%). From the population of 2512 pts, who underwent aortic valve replacement in the years 1990 to 1999 because of acquired malformation, a group of 108 pts (4.3%), fulfilling the above mentioned conditions was selected. Between them prevailed men, 92 (85.2%), and the average age was 53.4 +/- 14.5. All pts remained in the NYHA functional class III/IV. The average ejection fraction was estimated 28.2 +/- 14.3%. The pts demonstrated concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, severe aortic valve calcifications, the average valvular area was 0.91 cm2, and the pressure gradient over the valve was 71 +/- 44 mmHg. The pts were operated on by different surgeons but after the same protocol of extracorporeal circulation and cardioplegia administration. Low output syndrome occurred in ca 40% of pts, and cardiac failure was the main cause of death. The hospital mortality was 8.6%, and it was over two times higher then the whole population of pts, who underwent aortic valve replacement. All survivors (91.4%) demonstrated clinical improvement already during the early observation.

CONCLUSIONS: Low ejection fraction is an important risk factor of surgery for aortic valve stenosis. However, the elevated operative mortality, comparable to other institutions, may be accepted taking for consideration, that surgery is the only way of treatment and improvement may be expected in about 90% of pts, including anatomical and hemodynamic parameters, as well as life longevity and comfort. In the extreme cases the HTX should be considered.