The Therapeutic Potential of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) present significant clinical challenges, often leading to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, with profound impacts on patient quality of life and considerable healthcare costs. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) as non-invasive modalities for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. We explore their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action, discuss optimal treatment parameters, and present evidence from preclinical and clinical studies, including their synergistic effects with other therapies and emerging applications beyond neurological repair. Clinical studies have shown that PEMF therapy can significantly reduce neuropathic pain and improve functions, whereas LIPUS demonstrates the ability to enhance nerve conduction.