Lanolin-derived bioactive fractions promote infected wound healing via synergistic anti-inflammatory and pro-survival effects.

Three active fractions (QS1, QS2, HC1) were isolated from lanolin by activity‑guided fractionation. They promoted proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. HPLC‑Q‑TOF/MS identified 34 compounds, including ceramides and fatty acids. Mechanistically, the fractions suppressed TLR9/NF‑κB/NLRP3 inflammation in LPS‑stimulated keratinocytes and activated PI3K/Akt survival signalling in 5‑FU‑treated fibroblasts. In a S. aureus‑infected full‑thickness wound model, the fraction‑loaded hydrogel accelerated wound closure. These results reveal that lanolin‑derived bioactive fractions facilitate infected wound healing through synergistic anti‑inflammatory and pro‑survival mechanisms.