Perioperative management of adult patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.

It is increasingly common for physicians and anaesthetists to be asked for advice in the medical management of surgical patients who have an incidental history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Advising clinicians requires an understanding of the common predictors, outcomes and management of perioperative stroke. The most important predictor of perioperative stroke is a previous history of stroke, and outcomes associated with such an event are extremely poor. The perioperative management of this patient group needs careful consideration to minimise the thrombotic risk and a comprehensive, individualised approach is crucial. Although there is literature supporting the management of such patients undergoing cardiac surgery, evidence is lacking in the setting of non-cardiac surgical intervention. This article reviews the current evidence and provides a pragmatic interpretation to inform the perioperative management of patients with a history of stroke and/or TIA presenting for elective non-cardiac surgery.