Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney co-existing with renal calculi: a rare tumour.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of urinary tract is a very rare tumour known to be associated with chronic renal calculi and infection. This tumour is highly aggressive and often detected at advanced stage with poor outcome. The authors describe a case report of a 62-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with right nephrolithiasis with non-functioning kidney. Histopathology revealed an unexpected co-existing SCC in renal pelvis. The present case highlights the careful search and use of newer imaging modalities in cases of long-standing renal calculi as they may have co-existing hidden malignancy which may change the treatment plan and prognosis.