Research progress in deubiquitinase OTUD3.

OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3) is a crucial deubiquitinase that exhibits significant expression differences across various disease models. OTUD3 plays a role in regulating biological functions such as apoptosis, inflammatory responses, cell cycle, proliferation, and invasion in different cell types. By deubiquitinating key substrate proteins, OTUD3 is involved in essential physiological and pathological processes, including innate antiviral immunity, neural development, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. OTUD3 exhibits tumor-suppressive effects in breast cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, and papillary thyroid cancer, but acts as an oncogenic in liver and lung cancers. OTUD3 serves as a biomarker in predicting diagnosing, and assessing prognosis for certain malignancies. Despite its potential, the molecular mechanisms of OTUD3 in many diseases are still not well-understood, and exploring OTUD3's regulatory mechanisms is essential for comprehending its roles in immunity and disease. Future research will focus on developing OTUD3-targeted therapies.