The role of macrophage senescence in cardiovascular diseases.

Macrophage senescence is a major contributor to organismal aging and acts as a vital pathological bridge that connects aging to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs). This review highlights the key molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage senescence, including DNA damage, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. We further dissect the intrinsic association between macrophage senescence and CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and chronic heart failure. Moreover, we systematically summarize recent research progress on senescence-targeted therapeutic strategies for macrophages, intending to offer solid theoretical evidence for the prevention and clinical treatment of CVDs.