Survey on the perception of practical training among neurosurgery residents at Sapienza University: Evaluation of the laboratory experience on cadavers in improving technical and theoretical skills.

BACKGROUND

Neurosurgery is one of the most technically demanding medical specialties, requiring both high precision and knowledge of neuroanatomy. Surgical skill development begins in residency and continues throughout a neurosurgeon's career. Cadaveric dissection provides a realistic and effective environment for acquiring these competencies.

METHODS

A two-session course was organized at the [Microanatomical Neurosurgical Laboratory of I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed] microneuroanatomy laboratory. Progressive instruction was tailored to residents' training levels and included five neurosurgical approaches: Pterional and fronto-temporo-orbito-zygomatic, retrosigmoid, posterolateral, and endoscopic sellar. Each approach was divided into specific surgical steps using standard microsurgical instruments, microscopes, and endoscopes. Twenty-two residents participated and completed a post-course questionnaire evaluating organization, educational value, and practical outcomes. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Of the 22 residents, 45% had never performed cadaver dissection before. Overall satisfaction was very high, especially for specimen quality (mean 4.73/5) and laboratory equipment (4.82/5). The endoscopic approach received the highest rating (4.86/5 for didactic value). Participants considered the course valuable for skill acquisition and strongly supported its funding. Suggestions included smaller groups per specimen, more preparation time, and longer duration. The program also fostered peer learning across training levels.

CONCLUSION

Cadaver-based neurosurgical training enhances technical and anatomical skills in a safe, controlled environment. A structured, government-funded course was highly appreciated and considered crucial for residency education. This model is feasible, replicable, and should be promoted at a national level to improve hands-on neurosurgical training.