Cellular Characterization Using Microwave-Assisted Immunocytochemistry, A Time-Efficient Alternative to Traditional Immunocytochemistry.

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are related but separate techniques used for cell and tissue characterization. ICC involves immunolabeling of cells, and IHC immunolabeling of tissues; thus, the main difference is sample thickness. However, the distinction between ICC and IHC is not always clear and can be confusing. We show that a clear distinction should be made between the two. Importantly, we show that assisted ICC is an excellent method for characterizing cell lines. It is quick, reduces background noise without disrupting the expression and organization of the protein of interest, and helps ensure the rigor and reproducibility of results. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Culture of blood-spinal cord barrier and neurovascular unit cellular components Basic Protocol 2: Immunocytochemistry assisted by PELCO BioWave® Pro (Fig. 3) Alternate Protocol: Conventional immunocytochemistry.