Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026
No more counting sheep? Interoceptive not-distracting as a novel predictor of insomnia symptom severity in college students.
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LoBrutto Lara R, Dautovich Natalie D, Kinser Patricia A, Rybarczyk Bruce, Dzierzewski Joseph
Аннотация
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Emerging adults demonstrate vulnerability to pre-sleep arousal due to pervasive electronic device use, heightened rumination, and higher overall anxiety. To address this concern, this study sought to assess interoceptive awareness, a non-judgmental and trusting attitude toward body sensations that may reduce pre-sleep arousal, as a protective factor against insomnia symptoms during young adulthood.
METHODS AND MEASURES: We assessed the association between interoceptive awareness, pre-sleep arousal, and insomnia symptom severity using cross-sectional data from university students (N = 420) in the mid-Atlantic United States. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2, Pre-sleep Arousal Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear and logistic regressions and a mediation analysis.
RESULTS: The "not-distracting" factor emerged as the strongest interoceptive predictor of insomnia symptoms in emerging adults. When adjusting for mood and demographic covariates, not-distracting significantly predicted pre-sleep arousal (b* = -0.12, p < .001). In the mediation model, pre-sleep arousal (95% CI: -0.25, -0.11) mediated the association between not-distracting and insomnia symptoms. Not engaging in distraction from pain and discomfort was associated with lower insomnia symptom severity via lower levels of cognitive and physiological arousal before sleep.
CONCLUSIONS: Interoceptive not-distracting and pre-sleep arousal may be important factors to consider in the treatment of sleep disturbance in this age group. Findings suggest that specific training in interoceptive capacities could be a valuable addition to preventive interventions for sleep health in young adults.
METHODS AND MEASURES: We assessed the association between interoceptive awareness, pre-sleep arousal, and insomnia symptom severity using cross-sectional data from university students (N = 420) in the mid-Atlantic United States. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2, Pre-sleep Arousal Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear and logistic regressions and a mediation analysis.
RESULTS: The "not-distracting" factor emerged as the strongest interoceptive predictor of insomnia symptoms in emerging adults. When adjusting for mood and demographic covariates, not-distracting significantly predicted pre-sleep arousal (b* = -0.12, p < .001). In the mediation model, pre-sleep arousal (95% CI: -0.25, -0.11) mediated the association between not-distracting and insomnia symptoms. Not engaging in distraction from pain and discomfort was associated with lower insomnia symptom severity via lower levels of cognitive and physiological arousal before sleep.
CONCLUSIONS: Interoceptive not-distracting and pre-sleep arousal may be important factors to consider in the treatment of sleep disturbance in this age group. Findings suggest that specific training in interoceptive capacities could be a valuable addition to preventive interventions for sleep health in young adults.