Metoclopramide induced acute dystonic reaction: A case report.

INTRODUCTION

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Importance

Metoclopramide is a frequently used anti-emetic medication for the treatment of vomiting secondary to medical conditions or chemotherapy. Metoclopramide is known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (drug-induced movement disorder). While the dystonic reaction is an acute condition that may emerge after a single dose of metoclopramide, Tardive dyskinesia and Parkinsonism are generally seen after prolonged use. These reactions are more frequent in patients receiving high doses of metoclopramide especially in female patients, children, and older patients.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old male hypertensive patient was admitted into the internal medicine ward following persistent epigastric pain and vomiting. Initial laboratory and imaging assessments were insignificant, Upper GI endoscopy revealed features of gastritis. PPI and metoclopramide 10 mg 3 times daily were started. After 2 days, the patient developed an acute dystonic reaction. The drug was discontinued and anticholinergic biperiden was given. The dystonic reaction was controlled after the third dose. The patient was discharged following recovery.

CONCLUSION

Metoclopramide can cause unpredictable acute dystonic reactions. This can be life-threatening and should be detected early. Extrapyramidal side effects should be monitored in patients on metoclopramide since a single dose can cause these symptoms. This case highlights an acute dystonic reaction following the administration of a metoclopromide injection.

HIGHLIGHTS: A 61-year old man became sensitive to Metoclopromide administration. He developed an acute dystonic reaction following the administration of a metoclopromide injection. He was treated with biperiden 5 mg IV after the condition was diagnosed, and he responded well.