The Burden of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus and Their Predictors in an Urban Slum of Chhattisgarh, India: A Retrospective Record-Based Study.

Background Non-communicable diseases pose a significant health burden in India. Hypertension and diabetes are known to affect underprivileged communities in terms of healthcare costs disproportionately. This study aimed to determine the burden of these two diseases and their predictors in an urban slum of Raipur city. Methods We conducted a retrospective record-based study in an urban slum of Raipur. A population-based screening register is maintained in the Urban Health Training Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. Data about adults who underwent screening from January 2023 to December 2023 were extracted from this register. Sociodemographic details, lifestyle factors, family history of NCDs, and medication history were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was estimated, and logistic regression was performed to identify the important risk factors for diabetes and hypertension. Results Out of 1,005 study participants, the median age was 48, with an IQR of 38-60 years. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 33% and 16%, respectively. In logistic regression, age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.08), alcohol consumption (aOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.13-7.85), and diabetes (aOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.75-3.70) were significant risk factors for hypertension. For diabetes mellitus, age (aOR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and hypertension (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.77-3.75) were significant risk factors. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the urban slum, with increased risk with increasing age, alcoholics, and those with comorbid conditions. Early and targeted intervention, focusing on modifiable lifestyle factors and early screening of comorbid conditions, is crucial for managing and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases in vulnerable communities.