Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated nanohydroxyapatite and calcium and phosphate ion clusters for biomimetic remineralization of enamel and dentin.

AIM: The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticle incorporated nanohydroxyapatite (MNHAP), calcium and phosphate ion clusters (CPICs), and their combination with MNHAP.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Nanohydroxyapatite (NHAP), magnetite (Fe3O4), and magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated nanohydroxyapatite (MNHAP) were synthesized using wet precipitation method, co-precipitation method, and ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring methods, respectively. CPIC was synthesized by centrifugation method. Their characterizations were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The biocompatibility of MNHAP was assessed through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

RESULTS

XRD substantiated the presence of diffraction peaks, indicating crystallinity in all synthesized samples. Functional groups in NHAP and MNHAP were confirmed through FTIR analysis. VSM analysis demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior in both MNHAP and Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscope images unveiled the needle-like crystals for NHAP, rod-shaped crystals for MNHAP, and polyhedral shapes for CPIC combined with MNHAP (CPIC + MNHAP). MNHAP exhibited biocompatibility up to 200 µg.

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of this study, MNHAP and CPIC + MNHAP may be suitable for the repair of initial caries lesions.