Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy and Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Incorporating Silver Nanoparticles In Varying Concentrations for Pediatric Dental Applications.

BACKGROUND

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is widely used in pediatric dentistry due to its fluoride-releasing properties and strong adhesion to tooth structure. However, enhancing its antimicrobial efficacy remains a challenge. Incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been proposed as a solution to increase the antimicrobial properties of GIC without compromising its mechanical strength.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

This study investigated the effects of integrating varying concentrations of AgNPs into GIC on its antimicrobial efficacy against common oral pathogens and its mechanical properties. Three concentrations of AgNPs (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion test against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength and wear resistance, were measured using standardized tests. Thirty pediatric patients were randomly assigned to receive dental treatments using one of the three modified GIC formulations.

RESULTS

The GIC modified with 1% AgNPs demonstrated optimal antimicrobial activity, showing a significant inhibition zone increase of 25% against S. mutans and 20% against L. acidophilus compared to the control. The compressive strength of the GIC was maintained, with the 1% AgNP formulation achieving a compressive strength of 220 MPa, comparable to the control (215 MPa). Wear resistance slightly decreased as the concentration of AgNPs increased.

CONCLUSION

The addition of 1% AgNPs to GIC significantly enhances its antimicrobial properties without adversely affecting its mechanical strength. This formulation holds potential for improving the effectiveness of pediatric dental restorations by reducing the risk of secondary caries.