Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake in relation to general and central obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.
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Chen Yao, Wang Hongwei, Liu Changqing, Liu Yiya, Zhu Qianrang, Tian Meina, Tang Zhenchuang, Yu Lianlong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and obesity remain inconsistent, particularly for Chinese children and adolescents. This study investigated their association using nationally representative data.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2016-2019 China Children and Lactating Women Nutrition and Health Surveillance, which contained 12,542 school-aged participants. Dietary BCAAs intake was determined with a food-frequency questionnaire supplemented with a weighed condiment inventory and expressed as energy density (g/1,000 kcal). General and central obesity were defined according to body mass index and waist circumference criteria, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were utilized to estimate associations. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were utilized to investigate possible dose-response relationships. In addition, machine learning (ML) models were used to assess the predictive performance and the relative importance of individual features.
RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, higher BCAAs intake was associated with increased risks of both general and central obesity. Compared with the lowest tertile (T1), the highest tertile (T3) had significantly higher risks of general obesity (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.76) and central obesity (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.56). Each standard deviation increase in BCAAs intake was linked to a 12% greater risk of general obesity and a 9% greater risk of central obesity. RCS models showed a significant non-linear, positive dose-response relationship between BCAAs intake and obesity risk. Subgroup analyses revealed a consistent positive association between BCAAs and general obesity across all subgroups. For central obesity, a stronger association was specifically observed in males. ML analyses identified leucine as the most influential BCAAs component for predicting obesity risk.
CONCLUSION: Increased dietary intake of BCAAs is associated with higher risks of both general and central obesity among Chinese children and adolescents, with leucine showing the strongest association among the three BCAAs.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2016-2019 China Children and Lactating Women Nutrition and Health Surveillance, which contained 12,542 school-aged participants. Dietary BCAAs intake was determined with a food-frequency questionnaire supplemented with a weighed condiment inventory and expressed as energy density (g/1,000 kcal). General and central obesity were defined according to body mass index and waist circumference criteria, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified analyses were utilized to estimate associations. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were utilized to investigate possible dose-response relationships. In addition, machine learning (ML) models were used to assess the predictive performance and the relative importance of individual features.
RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, higher BCAAs intake was associated with increased risks of both general and central obesity. Compared with the lowest tertile (T1), the highest tertile (T3) had significantly higher risks of general obesity (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.31-1.76) and central obesity (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.56). Each standard deviation increase in BCAAs intake was linked to a 12% greater risk of general obesity and a 9% greater risk of central obesity. RCS models showed a significant non-linear, positive dose-response relationship between BCAAs intake and obesity risk. Subgroup analyses revealed a consistent positive association between BCAAs and general obesity across all subgroups. For central obesity, a stronger association was specifically observed in males. ML analyses identified leucine as the most influential BCAAs component for predicting obesity risk.
CONCLUSION: Increased dietary intake of BCAAs is associated with higher risks of both general and central obesity among Chinese children and adolescents, with leucine showing the strongest association among the three BCAAs.