Updates on management of headache in women and transgender women.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gender differences exist in headache disorders. A greater understanding of the role of hormones in headache can help the clinician better approach and manage common primary headache disorders.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies highlight differences in how migraine and cluster headache present in women and men. Updates to the ongoing debate of how to manage the use of hormones in women with migraine, especially with aura, have been well reviewed in the last 18 months. A new meta-analysis evaluates gender differences in response to triptans.

SUMMARY: This review will focus on recent updates on the role of gender and hormones on migraine and cluster headache and how this may influence treatment.